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Methodology

How we evaluate cities: 35 metrics across 8 factors

The Thesis

The metrics used to rank "best places to live" measure how well a place works for people who can afford to leave. That's not the same thing as a good place to live.

Orinda, CA has excellent schools and a $252k median income—and the highest "Very High Fire Hazard" acreage of any Contra Costa city, with a largely broken insurance market. Traditional rankings miss this.

This platform asks harder questions.

The 8 Factors

1. Schools & Education (4 metrics)

  • Public school opt-in rate - Do families choose public schools?
  • Per-pupil spending - Are schools adequately funded?
  • Student-teacher ratio - Class sizes matter
  • Bachelor's attainment - Educational attainment of adults

2. Safety (2 metrics)

  • Violent crime per 100k - Can kids play outside?
  • Property crime per 100k - Is your home secure?

3. Cost of Living (7 metrics)

  • Housing cost burden - % of income on housing
  • Childcare burden - % of income on childcare
  • Utilities burden - % of income on utilities
  • Food burden - % of income on food
  • Total family burden - Combined cost pressure
  • Median home price - Can teachers afford to buy?
  • Annual childcare cost - The "second mortgage"

4. Climate & Environment (4 metrics)

  • Wildfire risk score - Will insurance markets collapse?
  • Flood risk score - Is your property at risk?
  • Air quality (AQI) - Can you breathe safely?
  • Extreme heat days - Climate livability

5. Healthcare (3 metrics)

  • Uninsured rate - Healthcare access
  • Cancer rate per 100k - Health outcomes
  • Obesity rate - Community health

6. Jobs & Economy (5 metrics)

  • Unemployment rate - Job availability
  • Median household income - Earning potential
  • 5-year job growth - Economic trajectory
  • Industry diversity - Economic resilience
  • Median professional wage - Career opportunities

7. Community & Social Health (4 metrics)

  • Walk score - Car-optional living
  • Transit score - Public transportation access
  • Voter turnout - Civic engagement
  • Third places per 10k - Community gathering spaces

8. Housing Supply & Availability (5 metrics)

  • Vacancy rate - Is housing available? (optimal 4–7%)
  • Renter % of households - Owner/renter market balance
  • Renter cost burden - % of renters paying >30% of income on housing
  • Single-family % of housing stock - Proxy for zoning restrictiveness
  • 5-year population growth - Is demand outpacing supply?

Data Sources

All data is from authoritative public sources:

  • Census ACS 2023 - Demographics, income, housing costs, vacancy rate, renter burden, housing stock composition, population growth (DP04, DP05 tables)
  • Census Geocoder - FIPS place codes for ACS API queries
  • NCES ELSI - Per-pupil spending, student-teacher ratio
  • FBI NIBRS - Crime statistics
  • BLS (Bureau of Labor Statistics) - Employment, wages, job growth
  • Zillow ZHVI - Median home prices
  • Walk Score - Walkability and transit
  • CDC (BRFSS & PLACES) - Health outcomes, obesity
  • EPA & NOAA - Air quality (AQI), extreme heat days
  • First Street Foundation - Wildfire and flood risk scores
  • Child Care Aware of America - Annual childcare costs by state
  • IMLS - Libraries and civic spaces per capita

Our Approach

What Makes This Different

  • Affordability ratio - We calculate median home price ÷ median income to show if teachers can afford to live where they teach
  • Total family burden - We sum housing + childcare + utilities + food to show the real cost pressure on families
  • Climate risk - We don't ignore wildfire and flood risks that traditional rankings miss
  • Public school opt-in - We measure whether families choose public schools, not just test scores
  • Civic engagement - Voter turnout and third places matter for community health

What We Don't Do

  • We don't create composite scores that hide tradeoffs
  • We don't ignore climate risks to boost rankings
  • We don't assume higher income = better city
  • We don't cherry-pick data to make cities look good

Limitations

  • Growing dataset - Currently 30 cities; expanding based on nominations
  • Snapshot in time - Data is from 2023; cities change
  • Averages hide variation - Neighborhoods within cities vary significantly
  • Quantitative focus - Culture, arts, and intangibles are harder to measure
  • No perfect city - Every city has tradeoffs; we make them visible